This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a small balloon into the blocked or narrowed coronary artery and inflating it to widen the artery and restore blood flow. A stent, which is a small metal mesh tube, may also be inserted into the artery to help keep it open.

This is the most common surgical method for treating angina pectoris. In this procedure, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, such as the leg or chest, is used to bypass the blocked or narrowed coronary artery, restoring blood flow to the heart muscle.

This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a catheter to reach the heart through a vein in the groin or neck. The catheter is guided to the heart and used to deliver energy (such as heat or cold) to destroy the abnormal tissue causing the atrial flutter.

This is a more invasive surgical procedure that involves making small incisions in the heart and creating a pattern of scar tissue to redirect the electrical signals in the heart. This procedure is usually reserved for patients who do not respond to other treatments.

This is the most common surgical treatment for AV block. A pacemaker is a small device that is implanted under the skin in the chest and connected to the heart via one or more wires (leads). The pacemaker delivers electrical impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat.

This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a catheter to reach the heart through a vein in the groin or neck. The catheter is guided to the heart and used to deliver energy (such as heat or cold) to destroy the abnormal tissue causing the AVNRT.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are often used in the treatment of cardiomyopathy to prevent sudden cardiac death due to life-threatening heart arrhythmias.

A VAD is a mechanical pump that is implanted in the chest and connected to the heart to help it pump blood. VADs can be used as a temporary measure to support the heart while waiting for a heart transplant or as a long-term treatment for advanced heart failure.

This is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small balloon is inserted into the carotid artery and inflated to widen the artery

This is a surgical procedure in which the surgeon removes the plaque buildup from the inner lining of the carotid artery.

In some cases, carotid sinus syndrome can be treated with a pacemaker. The pacemaker is implanted under the skin of the chest, and a wire is threaded through a vein and attached to the heart. The pacemaker helps regulate the heart rate and prevents sudden drops in blood pressure.

This is a minimally invasive procedure in which a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is threaded through a blood vessel to the site of the blockage in the coronary artery

This is a surgical procedure in which the surgeon creates a new route for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed section of a coronary artery

Coronary angiography is a medical imaging procedure used to visualize the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

CRT is a type of pacemaker that is used to improve the coordination of the heart’s contractions. This procedure involves implanting small electrodes into the heart, which are then connected to a pacemaker device. CRT is typically used for patients with CHF who also have a specific type of heart rhythm abnormality.

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a small, battery-powered device that is surgically implanted under the skin of the chest to monitor the heart’s rhythm and deliver an electric shock if an abnormal heart rhythm is detected

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a specialized type of pacemaker that can be used to treat Left bundle branch block (LBBB) and other types of heart failure. CRT works by coordinating the contraction of the left and right ventricles to improve heart function

Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension by right heart catheterization involves the insertion of a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin or arm and guiding it to the right side of the heart.

In some cases, the tricuspid valve can be repaired rather than replaced. This involves reshaping the valve to ensure that it closes properly and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

An ICD is a small device that is implanted under the skin, usually near the collarbone. The device is connected to the heart through wires and is programmed to monitor the heart’s rhythm

The surgical treatment of WPW syndrome is called catheter ablation, which involves using a catheter to deliver radiofrequency energy to destroy the abnormal pathway in the heart

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): This is a procedure that involves passing a flexible tube with a camera through the mouth and into the bile ducts to remove any blockages or stones.

This is a procedure that involves passing a flexible tube with a camera through the mouth and into the bile ducts to remove any stones or debris causing the obstruction.

Endoscopic dilation involves inserting a scope into the duodenum and using a balloon or other device to stretch the narrowed area, allowing food to pass through more easily.

Endoscopic dilation involves inserting a scope into the esophagus and using a balloon or other device to stretch the narrowed area

This may involve using a scope to inject medication, apply bands, or use other devices to close off the varices.

Endoscopic resection of gastric polyps (gastroscopy) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses an endoscope to remove small gastric polyps.

This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera on the end, to cauterize the bleeding tear in the esophagus.

In some cases, a cyst can be drained using a needle inserted through the skin into the cyst. This may be done under imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or CT, and may require multiple procedures over time.